Canada’s U.S. Dependency Problem: What Ontario, Québec, Alberta and New Brunswick Must Confront

Canada’s economic strength has long been tied to the United States. But when 70–90% of a province’s exports flow to a single market — as is the case for Ontario, Québec, Alberta, and New Brunswick — concentration risk becomes a strategic vulnerability. Trade agreements like Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement provide stability, but they do not eliminate exposure to tariffs, policy shifts, or economic cycles. Diversification is no longer about growth alone — it is about resilience.